Monday, 15 October 2012

Induction Assignment : Okami Review


Induction Assignment: Okami Game Review

(There were supposed to be pictures with this but sadly my laptop failed to complete this :(   )
History of Okami and the Game Team

Okami was first released into the United Sates and Japan on Play Station 2 format in 2006 by Capcom, later releasing the game in Europe a year later.  The producer Atsushi Inaba created Okami to give the public a view of some Japanese culture, beliefs and artwork. In doing so he hoped it would gain more of a public attention than other games which were on the market, such as the Spyro The Dragon games. He’s also famous for other games:  Viewtiful Joe and God Hand. Its director is Hideki Kamiya who’s also employed by Capcom and the developer Clover Studios, who are also responsible for the release of Okami. Kamiya designed both Resident Evil games and Devil May Cry. He continues to work with Clover Studios who is now known as Platinum Games.


As you can see here, there was a massive difference between the two formats in graphics. Even though the story is still considered to be one of the best ‘grippers’ the wii/ Play Station 3 version can and does steal the target audience’ attention.
However Clover Studios was shut down, not long before the Wii platform release which offered the same storyline as the Play Station 2 version, yet the graphics were altered and made very clear to the gamer.  Still the Wii format of Okami ws developed and produced by Ready At Dawn, Tose and once again Capcom, releasing the game in 2008 for America and Europe and 2009 for Japan. This game’s distrubutor is Activision (an American Company) who’s very well known through other games like Spyro The Dragon, Guitar Hero Series and Call Of Duty. It’s said a Play Station 3 format is soon to be released later in 2012, last year Capcom brought out a sequel to this wonderful game known as Okamiden which is supposed to be a ‘chibi’ and next generation version of the main characters.


This was released in September 2010 in Japan and in March 2011

for America and Europe on DS format.


 

 

The Japanese DS design for Okamiden, released on 30th September 2010.
Genre of Okami and Its Competitors


The game itself is believed to be aimed at people wanting to know or follow the Japanese customs in life or admire cultural art rather than a manga/ anime style. A lot of people who’s into fantasy, art of any kind, nature enthusiasts or even ‘wolf’ admirers play this game also. Genres are mainly fantasy, combat and problem solving. The rating (PEGI) is counted as a 12+ or ‘T’ (ESRB) for:

·         Blood and Gore

·         Crude Humour

·         Fantasy Violence

·         Suggestive Themes

·         Use of Alcohol and Tobacco

Even though this game is rated for Teens or 12+, younger audiences play this as it’s become the crossing from ‘family-type’ games (Mario) to older or more violent one (Resident Evil or Assassins Creed)

During this time a lot of Playstation 2 games were being released daily, increasing the difficulty to attract people and tempt them into buying Okami. A lot of the games were sequels of previous one, manga/anime, films or created based from the public’s wants in the target audience age groups. Some of these are:

ü 
Okami battling his nemesis, Orochi, who swears to bring destruction, pain and misery to the Earth
Hack Series


ü  Astro Boy

ü  Bleach

ü  Dance Dance Revolution Series

ü  Final Fantasy Series

ü  FIFA Series

ü  Kingdom Heart Series

ü  Pokemon

ü  Resident Evil

ü  South Park

ü  Spyro The Dragon

ü  Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

ü  Xiaolian Showdown

ü  Zombie Hunters

Most of these games were produced and distributed by other companies like Atari, Tamsoft, Konami, Bottlerocket, Comedy Central, Sega, Square Einx , Matrix, Sierra and many more alike.


 Okami's Gameplay

The gamer controls the main protagonist (Okami) through an ‘olden’ and whimsical version of Japan which is shown through various types of watercoloured, woodcut and ink-illustrated art also known as ‘Sumi-e’ style and other styles that were created by China during the Tang Dynasty, giving off an authentic feel to the game making it more personal and realistic (in a way) to the gamer.

Some of the games mentioned above, that were released (or its previous sequels) in 2006
Another main character that’s involved throughout the plot is a tiny person, who proclaims he’s an artist and has an eye for women. Issun, as he’s called, rides with Okami dropping hints of where to go and what to do, to the person playing the game. This allows the gamer to explore different parts of Okami’s world, fighting against evil using a variety of ways to combat. This can include weapons motivated by the Imperial Regalia of Japan. These are:


Ø  The Reflector

Ø  The Rosaries

Ø  The Glaive

During fighting stages, the gamer is on a timer that asses how well the person has fought the enemies. This also follows on how much Okami has been wounded, skills used during the battle and the dependency on your Celestial Brush which will be mentioned later. At the end of the fight with numerous and different foes, a screen will appear showing how well you’ve done in the vision of a Sakura tree’s (Cherry tree) growth. A full blossomed tree being exceptionally brilliant and a seedling being poor, going on how well you’ve competed depends on how much money and ink replacements you can achieve once the enemy’s dead. Sometimes the opponent drops valuable objects during the skirmish; this can be later used upon a market person who happily allows people to trade their precious relics and pottery for other useful objects. This can be holy bones to keep Okami alive, mermaid coins to transport the player from one place to another, bags of food to feed animals gaining praise or Exorcism Slips that can harm the opposition tenfold.

 

Okami feeding a fox (animals are found in most places during the game) a fox can be fed with a meat or fish bag. Other bags of food are herbs and seeds.
The greatest gimmick in Okami is the fact players can draw their  ‘advantages’ to defeat the enemy further or use the special moves to progress further into the game. Celestial techniques drawn by the Celestial brush Okami uses allows people to do this.


 

 

However as the game goes on the player meets each one of the  Celestial Brush Gods who teach the gamer a new technique to use during the game, on the other hand the brush can’t continuously be used as the ink supply runs out and takes time to re-fill- making sure the player doesn’t become dependent on the brush and instead learns how to use combos in combat, giving more of a gaming pleasure to the player.

 

When characters are talking it’s easy enough to read and takes the time for all people of different abilities to read as well, meaning once you’ve finished one version of the person’s speech all you have to do is click for the next. The font itself seems to be something like Serif with a size of maybe 14-18 in the colour black; tips of what to do next are in crimson.

 

However one downside to the gameplay is sometimes loading can take incredibly long or during battles things can become incredibly confusing, due to some of the foes maybe being a little ‘over-designed’ so it naturally makes it harder for the gamer to see. Other than that it is an unusual game that kind of ‘caters’ for a lot of people’s wants in a game earning the public’s eye ever more.  A lot of people refer Okami to The Legend Of Zelda series, basically because there’s little references to that game. Kamiya, the director, explains “I’m a fan of the Zelda series and during the development of Okami I’ve gained an enormous amount of inspiration from my favourite game series, whilst using little bits during the design of this one”

 
The foe above is first found in the woods and has taken over an old man and woman’s body turning them mad. Here Okami is using the Rosaries to destroy the victim.
Graphics and Music


Okami’s graphics was first planned out as realistic 3D. This however

                                                     couldn’t happen because of the Play Station 2’s limitations that

would make it harder for the developers if they were to render the game later on in life. Another drawback was down to the fact the protagonist, is very close to nature and helping the folk who are in danger to bring peace to ‘Nippon’. Kamiya and Inaba thought of different Medias they could desing the characters that would make them more in tune with their personalities and the actual game itself. The biggest inspiration was the Chinese/ Japanese watercolour art known as Sumi-e and a wood carving art called Ukiyo-e style. Once the graphics had been decided this is where the idea of the Celestial Brush became real. Inaba quoted:

‘I didn’t want people just watch the fight like almost every other game. If we can use something that allows them to play a bigger role in the actual game it could draw more attention’

When designing the characters the biggest problem for Okami stood the fact he looked like someone’s pet dressed in clothes, so the designs for the hero became numerous. Other characters (female) like Sakuya became the problem of making them too ‘naked’ as the game goes on through to the end.

 
To the right is the Sumi-e style of Okami and the rest of the crew, on the left was the initial graphics design (realistic 3D) for the game.  Comparing between the two, the Sumi-e style had a better resolution than the other due to limitations of the Play Station 2

design now throughout the game.
 



Identical to the game itself, composers:

·         Masami Ueda

·         Hiroshi Yamaguchi

·         Hiroyuki Hamada

·         Rei Kondo

·         Akira Groves

Indented for music to suit the same theme as the rest of the game, a Japanese style with a naturist twist made the idea of making the soundtrack using authentic Japanese ‘charms’ . Finally at the end of the game during credits, Ayaka Hirahara sand one of the game’s best debuts : Reset which has won awards for ‘Best Score’ A soundtrack released amongst Japanese markets as a 5 disked set which is now available to order online anywhere. Each piece of music relates to the certain place or person it’s used for and at. Personal favourites are:

1.       More Digging Here Bow Wow

2.       Kamiki Festival

3.       Reset

 

Okami’s Story and Characters

There are many people or creatures in the game that all play an important role- some more than others. Most of the cast is based around Shinto beliefs and legends like Orochi being the 8- headed serpent and Okami being Amaterasu in wolf form protecting the people.

v  Okami

Okami or known as Amaterasu/ Ammy is based off a Shinto belief of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu. She has the power to give life and take it away. Being the hero of the game, Okami comes across many foes and in order to defeat them she/ he has to find 13 Celestial Gods who each grant the main character a brush technique to use sometime during the game. A lot of people think Okami is next generation of Shiranui who’s described as a mundane wolf that defeated and sealed away Orochi  one hundred years ago before Okami/ Ammy ever appeared on the scene. Okami is always followed by his friend Issun- a comedy breaker.



v  Issun

Issun is greatly mistaken to be a bug of some sort when in fact he’s actually a creature called a Poncle.  Poncle’s are tiny people used as Celestial envoys and usually live in tree stumps. Issun follows Ammy around throughout the whole of the game give little hints and tips of what to do and where to go. He also is used for the comedy of the game giving wise cracks and having a soft spot for beautiful women. He refers to a lot of characters through nick-names, Ammy’s being furball.

 

v  Waka

At the start of the game, Waka seems to be another antagonist in Okami usually appearing where trouble about to be caused. However Waka is another person who slightly guides Ammy through is quest through a lot of sarcastic comments that are very useful. He does also like to tease Issun during combat battles. Waka is Tao Master and knows another character (Queen Himiko ) from a group called the Moon Tribe who escaped from Orochi’s abuse. It’s later known that Waka accompanied Shiranui to the Celestial Plains and returns there with Ammy.


v  Sakuya

Sakuya is a wood sprite known to be the mother spirit of Konohana and protector of Kamiki village. She’s the one who summons Ammy after the revival of Orochi, she needs Ammy to revive and rescue as many other sprites as she can in order for Sakuya to reach her full power.

 

v  Celestial Brush Gods

Altogether there is 13 Gods (including Amaterasu) that each grants Ammy a brush technique. Amaterasu already has the brush technique ‘Sunrise’

1.       Yomigami

Master of Rejuvenation 


2.       Tachigami

Master of Power Slash

3.       Hanagami

These are 3 masters who grant techniques: Water lily, Vine and Bloom

 

4.       Bakugami

Master of Cherry Bomb


5.       Nuregami

Master of Water Sprout



6.       Yumigami

Master of Crescent

7.       Kazegami

Master of Galestorm

8.       Moegami

Master of Inferno


9.       Kasugami

Master of Veil of Mist


10.   Kabegami

Master of Catwalk
 


11.   Gekigami

Master of Thunderstorm


12.   Itegami

Master of Blizzard


Okami starts in a place, well a world called Nippon, where flashbacks tell of a mundane ashen wolf and a Swordsman fight for justice, against an evil eight-headed serpent called Orochi. Neither Shiranui nor Nagi are able to defeat Orochi during their battle in Kamiki Village and instead seal the beast away. This however is a hundred years before the game actually takes place. Nagi’s descendant, Susano, doesn’t believe in ‘old legends’ and tries to prove to fellow villagers of Kamiki Village it’s all a lie, so he breaks the demon’s seal and Orochi is allowed to release his destruction across Nippon, by taking away life from nature and letting his minions roam and curse the land.

Having heard this Sakuya, a wood sprite, mother of Konohana and guardian of Kamiki Village, summons Amaterasu (known from Shinto beliefs as a sun goddess) a reincarnation of Shiranui, asks for her help in reviving the cursed lands and bringing forth other wood sprites so that Sakuya’s power may grow for the greater good. Amaterasu befriends a Poncle going by the name Issun. Issun proclaims he’s an artist and will help Ammy find twelve other brush techniques in order for her power to grow. Soon enough Nippon is restored to its natural surroundings.

 

During the resurrection of Agata Forest, the pair meets a Tao Master called Waka, who later hounds them into battles; Waka justifies this as testing their abilities. First thoughts on Waka is that he’s an antagonist as he’s usually seen or appears when something bad is about to happen, or makes sarcastic comments in order to tease Issun when in fact they contain useful hints.

 
Kazegami’s star constellation
The first Celestial Brush God Amaterasu meets is Yomigami, a master of Rejuvenation. However in order to meet any of the Gods they appear as star constellations, your job is to draw in the missing stars in order for them to appear and grant Ammy their brush techniques. Towards the end of the first arc, Ammy and Susano must rescue Susuano’s beloved Kushi, who’s Orochi’s sacrifice or blood pact; recreating the events that started a hundred years ago. Luckily the pair was able to defeat Orochi, on the other hand it released a blackened spirit that carried on north across Nippon. After that Ammy and Issun voyaged across the rest of Nippon, restoring cursed lands and helping many people who needed their help.


Towards the end of the game Amaterasu conquers on to find where these dark, haunting spirits are coming from only to be brought to a wrecked ship that once travelled through stars. The vessel resides in a frozen tundra wasteland known as Kamui where Waka reveals his past of being in the Moon Tribe. He explains it’s a race that used the ‘Ark Of Yamato’ (the ship) to escape from Orochi’s assult on the Celestial Plains and tried to sail away. However unbeknown to everyone on the liner, sinister spirits were imprisoned and destroyed all but Waka himself. This meant the boat couldn’t carry on and instead crashed upon Nippon land.

Amaterasu on the Ark Of Yamato in Kamui
Finally Amaterasu and Issun stumble upon the final boss known to be the vilest, twisted and evil being in the game called Yamu. The demon shreds Ammy of her Celestial powers making her engage in combat at a disadvantage. Issun by then takes on his job as a Celestial Envoy and persuades all those that the duo have befriended, pray and think of Amaterasu allowing her to regain her brush techniques and powers defeating Yami and any other evil spirits both in Nippon and on the Ark. At alas Issun and Ammy depart ways unwillingly, where Amaterasu and Waka depart to the Celestial Plains together on the Ark and Issun returns as an envoy for the next person.


Yami’s final stage when in combat with Ammy
 


 

 


Features In Okami

Unlike most Wii games you can’t connect with anyone else across the internet or go into a multiplayer mode, reason being it’s a solo game. There are not many special features apart from using the Celestial Brush to draw killing off foes, or progressing further through the plot. What makes it stand out is it’s graphics and a different concept of gaming altogether by having some gruesome violence, yet containing cute or loving clips of maybe feeding animals in order to game praise. This means Inaba and Kamiya tried very hard to keep the target audience very open; in the hope loads of people will play this game.

 

Awards

Okami won many awards over the years and is still classed as one of the best games to have been brought out on both Play Station 2 and Wii.


IGN.com


ü  Game of the Year (2006)

ü  18th Best PlayStation 2 Game of All Time

ü  Editor's Choice Award

ü  Game of the Month (September 2006)

ü  Best Adventure Game (PS2 Awards 2006)

ü  Best Artistic Design (PS2 Awards 2006)

ü  Most Innovative Design (PS2 Awards 2006)

ü  Best Overall Story (PS2 Awards 2006)

ü  #90 on Best Games of All Time (2007)


Electronic Gaming Monthly


ü  Game of the Month

ü  Gold Award (Scores: 9.0, 9.0, 9.5)


GameInformer


ü  Game of the Month (September 2006)


EDGE Magazine


ü  Game of the Year (2006)


National Academy of Video Game Testers and Reviewers


ü  Game of the Year (2006)

ü  Best Animation in a Game Engine

ü  Art Direction in a Game Engine

ü  Outstanding Original Adventure Game


PlayStation Magazine


ü  Best Game of the Year 2006


Game Developer's Choice Awards


ü  Best Character Design

ü  Innovation Award (1 of 3 recipients)


Computer Entertainment Supplier’s Association (CESA)


ü  Award for Excellence (Japan Game Awards 2007)


2007 British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Awards


ü  Artistic Achievement

ü  Best Original Score


GameTrailers


ü  Best PS2 Game of 2006

Personal Opinion

I started playing Okami not long after I got the Wii console for Christmas and I instantly fell in love with the whole thing. I personally feel as though there are no flaws in the actual game but I do admit during battles, it can get a little confusing due to a lot of detail and emphasis placed on the foes so depending on whom you’re facing it can be hard to see where you are. The plot itself has had me in tears due to it being very moving and showing a lot of relationships throughout the game, plus the music fitted very well with every aspect ok the game. I mentioned my personal favourites above but even I like to use the audio for speed paints and my own animations. Overall I would give this game 10/10!

Disclaimer

I do not own any of the images and found them on various sites using Google Images. Below are websites I’ve used to find out information as well as using experience from my gaming time on Okami (53+ hours)





By Eillisha Buccheri

Tuesday, 9 October 2012

Day One DLC (Part 3 : Regulatory Issues)


Before any action is taken a brief must be made about what the game is going to be about and include. This could cover character’s descriptions and roles as well, meaning that legal and regulatory issues should be taken into consideration before any designing or production starts.


Regulatory Issues

Different rating groups protect different game companies. Some are known as PEGI and others are ESRB. The main purpose of these companies is to ensure the games are correctly rated so that the public know what they’re going to witness during game play and what to buy for children or even adults by looking at the rating. In ESRB their rating system is:

-          EC (Early Childhood)

-          E (Everyone) 6 years+

-          E 10+ (Everyone 10 years+)

-          T (Teenagers) 13 years+

-          M (Mature) 17 years+

-          AO (Adults Only) 18 years +

-          RP (Rating Pending)

-          K-A (Kids To Adults) 6 years+

Having systems similar to these help the public and also guide game makers on what should be included in their game. For example, if the target audience for a certain game was to be kept at an ‘E’ rating, there shouldn’t be any drug use, gambling or sexual content whereas that would appear in ratings such as :M, AO and maybe RP.

PEGI also uses ratings identical to these but they also show images about why the rating is what it is. There are:

-          Fear (7,12,16,18 years)

-          Violence(7,12,16,18 years)

-          Bad Language (12,16,18 years)

-          Sex (12,16,18 years)

-          Drugs(16 and 18 years)

-          Gambling(12,16,18 years)

-          Discrimination(18 years)

-          Online (3,7,12,16,18 years)

Without thinking about these properly and wrongly classifying the age restrictions it could lead to suing not only a company like PEGI but the actual game company as well, sending them bankrupt and maybe banning them from ever making games again.
 
Bibliography
(Accessed 30/09/12) at 22:10pm for ESRB rating system)
(Accessed 30/09/12 at 22:51pm for PEGI guidelines)
(Accessed 10/10/12 at 7:36 for PEGI Image)
(Accessed 10/10/12 at 7:36 for ESRB Image)
 

Monday, 8 October 2012

Day One DLC (Part:2 Legal Issues)


In the Gaming Industry, developers and producers face many problems when designing a game and how it can affect the target audience. They have to consider ethical, legal and regulatory issues in order for their product to survive in the gaming world.

Copyright Infringement and Plagiarism

Finally when designing the game it’s important to understand that the initial thoughts on when creating the brief for the designers is that it’s original and not a copy of someone else’s work, this stands for everything from brief to the producing of the game. Copyright protects people’s work from others who dares to commit plagiarism, meaning that there are people who try to steal the original work of someone else because they haven’t given credit to the original owner, or proclaim the work is theirs when it isn’t.

A recent example of this is the plot behind Assassin’s Creed III which is supposed to be released in North America on 30th October 2012 under the PS3 and Xbox 360, later being released on 18th of November as a Wii-U platform and the same for Europe but on the 30th of November. John L.Beiswenger, who’s a research engineer and sci-fi author, claims his book ‘Link’ shares various similarities as the game- insisting Ubisoft are ‘allegedly ripping off his novel’ . 

The book ‘Link’ explores an idea of memories recorded by an ancestor that eventually get brought to life only by using a special device known as: ‘Bio-synchronizer’. Another reason for the claim, made by plaintiff, is the book talks about assassins and assassinations which at one point in the novel, someone is trying to fit the pieces of the past together. Finally spiritual and biblical tones with references of Jesus, God, the Garden of Eden, forbidden fruit and a reliance on historical moments portrayed through ancestor’s memories all lead identical occurrences in Assassin’s Creed series.

"Ubisoft have directly copied, and directly and contributorily infringed on the whole of Plaintiff's copyrighted work" with the release of games, guides, comic book series and trailers”

Quoted from John L. Beiswenger

 

In addition to this Beiswenger is currently suing Ubisoft for nothing less than $1.05 million with an increasing sum to $5.25 million depending on the judge’s decision. Also he hopes to prevent the release of Assassin’s Creed III and all related franchise. If this works in his favour it will not only disappoint millions of fans across the world, but it will leave Ubisoft possibly bankrupt if one of their best-selling games were to crumble right before their eyes due to copyright infringement issues.

An additional case would be EA’s copy right infringement lawsuit against Zynga not so long ago. ‘The Ville’ created by Zynga allegedly shares identical reactions with EA’s ‘Sim Social’ game. Normally copyright issues are exceptionally rare because it could cost a gaming company everything they’ve worked for, sending them bankrupt and making the opposition richer and seem more ‘innocent’ to the public eye.

‘The [games] industry has developed a dysfunctional culture of copycattery’

Quoted by Prof. James Grimmelmann

Prof. James is correct in a way because the technology and the stories have developed that much in such a short space of time, people are running out of original ideas and are turning to features they’ve experienced in a game and enjoyed or just simply taking a lot of things from an older version of the game and tweaking a few bits. An example of this would be Pokemon (not Ranger, Link, Dash, Pokepark or Mystery Dungeon versions). From personal experience I’ve noticed each game starts the same, contains the same plot with the same goals and it became ominous as I grew up. The only things that change in that game is the character names and designs, regions and the extra 150 new Pokemon that appear every 2-3 years, leading me to go off the new versions and play ‘old-school’

However going back to the original topic this is way some people and wander unknowingly down the path of copyright. Under copyright law everyone if free to possibly copy a basic game concept as long as some details are altered during the development stage which is what Zynga did during the development of ‘The Ville’. However the EA complains that Zynga didn’t do enough to change some of the detail, and evidence has been shown of this, even though it’s minor identical details which don’t create a very strong complaint for EA.

However their plan is to create aggressive arguments about copyright law to fit legal beliefs to its facts. In the end it will either seek protection for its game concept-losing proposition under copyright law or if EA does make progress on that, the new legal precedent would undermine the current industry-standard practices about imitation. EA is no doubt going to argue that Zynga needed to change its execution further if they wanted to avoid infringement issues, on the other hand it will also mean EA have to work in more development when they want to imitate someone else’s game meaning the cost of development for them and Zynga will rise.

It is known however Zynga has built its business on imitating other people’s games meaning if EA did win this lawsuit; it will harm Zynga’s business significantly as well as eroding EA’s profits because they’re threatening to destabilize the current industry’s rules on imitation. In my eyes and other people’s it’s a battle Zynga can’t afford to lose and EA can’t afford to win.

In the end it’s believed that neither company will win with the case being settled on the outcome of Zynga making some low-cost changes and keeping their basic implementation, giving EA a certain victory, even though some believe when looking at the bigger picture about legitimacy and the boundaries of game imitation are not going to be resolved during this case.

Thus, the big-picture legal questions about the legitimacy and boundaries of game imitation are almost certainly not going to be resolved here.



Copyright nowadays is a huge issue and it’s because of a few reasons. Mentioned before about disk-locked content if you download a game illegally, then all the content might be available to you whereas in the shops it not- not a legal reason.

The games are too expensive, fair enough they are in some respects as one game could cost £40 but then look at how much money had to be put into the game. Designing games costs billions to do not to mention the staff like developers, producers, animators, testers ect have to go through hell because of the workload to finish these games in time, so it’s only fair they get a decent amount for their work. Whatever excuse we use to commit copyright with games it’s never right. One exception could be copying old games that no one can gain money from or you can’t find it anywhere no matter how hard you look.
Bibliography
(Accessed on 04/10/12 at 10:33 for Assassin’s Creed release date)
(Accessed on 04/10/12 at 10:54 for Assassin’s Creed copyright infringement issues)
(Accessed on 04/10/12 at 11:36 for EA copyright claim on Zynga and Prof. John quote)
(Accessed 08/10/12 at 11:36 for Assassin's Creed Image)
(Accessed 08/10/12 at 11:38 for The Ville Image)

Day One DLC Assignment (Part 1: Ethics)


In the Gaming Industry, developers and producers face many problems when designing a game and how it can affect the target audience. They have to consider ethical, legal and regulatory issues in order for their product to survive in the gaming world.

Ethics and Morales

Ethics and morals play a big part when thinking about games because being careless about this situation could cause harm towards certain ethnic groups, causing danger for the gaming company in general leading to various lawsuits that can easily be avoided. However some games have been known to be ethically ‘dodgy’ in how they are creating/displaying the game.

For example in Resident Evil 5 the first trailer shown game footage of an American protagonist killing off African zombies which doesn’t seem that bad until you realise there’s no white African zombies at all, raising racist allegations from people across the globe who point out it’s not right that it’s just this colour that’s diseased by the virus and getting killed by a big muscle white American.

"There was a lot of imagery in that trailer that dovetailed with classic racist imagery”

-Quoted N’Gai Coral from Newsweek Editor

Eventually Capcom released another trailer showing a less racist side and also the protagonist’s assistant, Sheva. However this did not put the controversy to rest as more people found the game hadn’t been altered much still showing the hero killing just black zombies. Capcom argued back that the gaming team is diverse and that they can’t make everyone happy and they’re in the entertainment business - not to promote something political to the public. A lot of people agreed with statement saying it’s not racist and is in fact a good game.
 

Yet in a cut scene it’s shown a white woman being dragged by a black man who’s infected into his house, Eurogamer criticized it wasn’t ethically right because of black men being stereo typed as ‘rapists who come after girls’ during the time when America was going through Civil Rights. Japan isn’t educated much in this topic as they see nothing wrong with game nor thought about any ‘racist issues’ during the development which is, from their point of view understandable because they had nothing to do with the Civil Rights yet it doesn’t give them a clean slate either because they should researched any problems before development began so this controversy didn’t arise.

In my personal opinion after having watched two trailers and various game play that’s been recorded on Youtube I feel as though there is not an issue. Roles reversed if Chris Redfield was a different ‘coloured guy’ and he shot white zombies, only, there may be wouldn’t be as much as a big issue. On the other hand I’m not disputing that people who feel it is racist is wrong because it’s all personal opinions at the end of the day, those who see it’s not racist may not look or feel as though it is compared to those who feel it is.

Another ethically dodgy game is the newest Tomb Raider that will be released next year. It focuses on Lara Croft’s past events and how she’s developed to the person she is now. Having watched the trailer it shows Lara to be dependent on someone else coming to rescue her because clips show her nearly getting raped and having a slight mental breakdown, which antagonizes with her initial concept of being an independable  and indestructible (in a way) female heroine, that many female gamers empathize with and in some ways wish to be. Having seen these clips it makes some people feel as though Lara needs to depend on a man which is what the director said he wanted to do, so it can entice more male gamers to in a way to ‘protect’ Lara from danger yet annoying female gamers because to them it feels as though people are trying to say women couldn’t last or survive on their own, without something bad happening to them in past like rape or without a husband/ male protector. Therefore other females who think this way will no doubt not buy the game meaning that the Tomb Raider’s sale of the new game will not surpass older Tomb Raiders, thus turning the female target audience against future franchise.

“There's been a lot of negative reaction - people have been saying that she doesn't need be the survivor of an attempted rape, that using a male threat to make a female character There's been a lot of negative reaction - people have been saying that she doesn't need be the survivor of an attempted rape, that using a male threat to make a female character seem 'vulnerable' is highly sexist and that it's an exploitative tactic and what not.”

Quoted from ‘Macabre Magpie’s’ forum on Deadlock Truth

 

In conclusion I agree with what many other girl gamers believe and see from Tomb Raider: Reboot trailer and feel it is sexist, and that its depicts women as a weaker species compared to the male rival. I think Square Einx, like Capcom, should alter the trailer and take out the possible rape scene during the capture of Lara Croft. If they do this I would feel happier about buying the game and playing instead of having a grudge against the producers for they think is acceptable.


In a lot of games of games nowadays you’ll see various advertisements being displayed, that the public don’t really give much thought about them. My opinion to this at first was they use advertisements to make games that revolve around cities or include a city, like Bioshock and Judge Dredd, more realistic to public’s eye- not to actually advertise their services to the world. Also even though it’s not legal, loads of young children play over-aged games like Call Of Duty, Borderlands and again Bioshock where sometimes in games like these you’ll see an advertisement for the military. This can actually plant a seed these young children’s minds because they haven’t been exposed to what war is all about, to them because they play first shooter games ect, they themselves think it’s a game and don’t look at the bigger picture that going to war is all about being blinded by your country’s conscience, and having to fight the battle between life and death ultimately becoming survival of the fittest regardless of your comrades or even your family members- emotionally scarring you for life. I don’t think these kinds of advertisements should be in any games because of this reason. Stopping under age children from playing these kinds of games at home is impossible and not something that can be easily done but refusing money from local business when designing a game can, even though it could mean a lot of money is lost in the industry- yet it would mean not a lot of people will be the delusional thought battlefields are playgrounds in a sense.

Advertisements are literally plastered everywhere in technology these days sending a lot of people into an ‘outrage’ because we can’t go somewhere technological without being swamped in advertisements. Take Youtube for example if you’re not a heavy gamer. Before you could just watch any video in peace without your computer freezing or crashing and full concentration would be on the clip- but no! Now we have to suffer like we do when watching the tv, viewing advertisements that are taking away at least 30 seconds of our precious time and life to try and sell people more goods, when all we want to do is watch that wonderful video clip- dream on! Also I have noticed since the advertisements plagued Youtube and other movie like Animecrazy, Animeoan, BBC I Player, a lot of the time the hardware does slowly down adding to fuel of making people go berserk. Now on online gaming they’re injecting more and more advertisements into these things sending gamers into frenzy. It’s not ethically right to be continuously pestered by companies we don’t like or don’t want to buy from  because their sales have gone down, don’t get a lot of recognition or like the ‘Go Compare!’ person wants to annoy you with their horrible music and rhymes.

 

It isn’t fair that our gaming experience is going to be ruined furthermore by advertisements.

 

The patent, filed July and granted November of last year, goes into more detail about how this would affect the user experience. The filing suggests that gamers could be warned of an impending advertisement by a warning message, or by slowing down gameplay. The filing also suggests that game content could effectively be rewound at or prior to the end of the ad, presumably in an attempt to ready up the player in case the gameplay broke off at a critical point.

 

Online multiplayer games are specifically mentioned, confirming that Sony is at least considering the approach to both online and offline games. During online games, the patent has clauses for the display of the same advertisement to all users simultaneously, and different adverts for one or more players.

Taken from James Holloway, ‘Sony patent could see games interrupted by compulsory ads article’

The responses to this advert were:

This is the worst idea I have heard of lately, as a gamer if this were to take off I would boycott the game!

Is there no sanctuary left where we are free from blatant advertising?

Advertise somewhere else, do not interrupt any games!!

M

Quoted from-Michael Simpson

 

Sexuality is another big conflict in games because designers don’t appropriately display the sexually diverse characters correctly through image, or their role in the actual game isn’t ethically correct to begin with or they just don’t have a proper depth meaning they don’t flesh out in the game like they should. Developers don’t necessarily think about these things and go with the stereotypical white, powerful American/Asian guy that’s a Mary Sue with possible fetish for maybe ‘cuddly cat’.

 

In Persona 4 the antagonist who’s gay actually has a better back story then most other homosexuals in other games. It talks about his struggles as teenager on whether he’s hetro or homo and to some it can be difficult to realise what you are personally, eventually making you sympathise with that character. This is because of public’s stereotyping with males being gay are actually weak minded or suffered from something horrific in that past to make them that way, this isn’t the case. The character in Persona is rebel, one who proves and fights or his freedom listening only to himself when in reality he’s actually scared of what other people think about his orientation- which is true in real life for both male and female. In order for him to become stronger person he overcomes this fear of showing that he’s gay to public and gives off the vibe that he doesn’t care what they think, thus making him mentally stronger and again it happens in real life.

Another from the same game actually wants a sex change from a female to a male because she believes that her world is male dominated so to speak. Sometimes in certain hobbies or things I’ve done I have felt it’s overly dominated by males because a lot of the females tend to go for other things making out your weird female and suppose it happens to males as well. Even though the girl doesn’t change gender it gives another thought to public about how we treat people like this and how it fits into ourselves and how we feel about the sexually diverse issues.


A lot of games from 7+ revolve around the protagonist taking part in violent scenarios which many parents feel this has an impact on their children and other people. Yet developers have set our punishments if the gamer were to commit too much violence, like killing people that are innocent or just killing to many living creatures. In Legend Of Zelda: Ocarina Of Time if you kill too many chickend or pick on one for example, all the chickens in Hyrule no doubt appear out of nowhere and come to kill you.
 
 
Assasin’s Creed makes you start from the beginning of the mission if you kill innocent citizens or too many of them and in other games like Grand Theft Auto and Simpsons Hit & Run, the legal forces will be on your tail to hunt you down until you pay or up or the game ends. I think it’s a good idea for making sure there’s a consequence if one was too kill just for sake of bloodlust on a game. It gives the parents a peace of mind and media will stay of the gaming companies backs for longer instead of trying to sell out a story that’s full of rubbish.

 

When buying a new game that’s finally been released after so long and you quickly run home in order to play it, you don’t really want to find out the game you’ve just spent all your money on has disk-locked content that will only be released if you go to a certain place, spend more money or just won’t be released at all. It’s really annoying and not ethically right. As the public you pay for your franchise then all of sudden you can’t have part of it- even though you’ve paid for it? This would then lead to piracy in the gaming industry that does burn holes in their sales. In order to gain a little more money is to stop this disk locked content nonsense allowing more people to enjoy the whole game- hopefully decreasing piracy.


Bibliography



(Accessed 03/10/12 at 20:17 for racist quote on Resident Evil 5)


(Accessed 03/10/12 at 20:34 for information on the controversy of Resident Evil 5)


(Accessed 03/10/12 at 21:29 for sexist quote on Tomb Raider: Reboot)
(Accessed on 08/10/12 at 11:14 for Resident Evil Image)
 
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1920&bih=957&tbm=isch&tbnid=X7ClT_iStSq2RM:&imgrefurl=http://www.revenuerobot.com/2008/resident-evil-5-screenshots-trailer/&docid=Kde3yrJkuzyWRM&imgurl=http://ps3media.ign.com/ps3/image/article/878/878598/resident-evil-5-20080602093002954.jpg&w=1280&h=720&ei=rqZyUMLZFIKg0QWgs4HIBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=1015&vpy=656&dur=3378&hovh=168&hovw=300&tx=183&ty=111&sig=101385217601668269356&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=214&start=0&ndsp=45&ved=1t:429,r:41,s:0,i:270
(Accessed on 08/10/12 at 11:16 for Resident Evil Image)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpIWhAAiNRc&feature=related
(Accessed on 08/10/12 at 11:24 for Resident Evil 5 Extended Trailer)
http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?
um=1&hl=en&biw=1920&bih=957&tbm=isch&tbnid=M5NI17poJ1LnfM:&imgrefurl=http://snarkerati.com/gaming-news/tomb-raider-sequels-already-on-way/&docid=yIcPZo8iiMfBBM&imgurl=http://snarkerati.com/gaming-news/files/2012/07/lara-croft-new-tomb-raider.jpg&w=550&h=300&ei=rqdyUJ7YD8KL0AXz7ICIBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=670&vpy=479&dur=602&hovh=166&hovw=304&tx=91&ty=92&sig=101385217601668269356&page=1&tbnh=103&tbnw=188&start=0&ndsp=45&ved=1t:429,r:21,s:0,i:138
(Accessed on 08/10/12 at 11:18 for Tomb Raider: Reborn Image
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3HfmcDRbn8
(Accessed on 08/10/12 at 11:21 for Tomb Raider: Reborn Trailer)